Rigs and emission. Cortex Docs

Staking SOL into a cluster creates a rig. Emission is shared pro rata and divided by difficulty.

Staking SOL into a cluster creates a rig. Emission per cluster is denominated in vouchers per hour (V/h) and split pro rata by stake, then divided by a difficulty factor. Difficulty is the mechanism that keeps per rig yield from being trivially predictable when stake concentrates; it is set by the protocol authority and it can change.

The formula

per epoch vouchers = emission * 24 * share / difficulty

emission    cluster emission rate, vouchers per hour (V/h)
share       your stake / total cluster stake
difficulty  cluster difficulty factor, divides the payout

Worked example

Worked example: a cluster emits 120 V/h with difficulty 2 and 1,000 SOL staked total. A rig holding 100 SOL has share 0.1, so it projects 120 * 24 * 0.1 / 2 = 144 vouchers per epoch. If another miner stakes 900 more SOL, share drops to 0.05 and the same rig projects 72. Nothing about your rig changed. The crowd changed.